Effect of Pretreatments on Convective and Infrared Drying Kinetics, Energy Consumption and Quality of Terebinth

This study is focused on the influence of convective drying (50, 60, and 70 degrees C) and infrared (IR) power (250, 500, and 750 W) on the drying kinetics, the specific energy consumption of terebinth drying as well as quality and bioactive compounds upon various pretreatments such as ultrasound (US), blanching (BL), and microwave (MW). Compared to convective drying, IR drying decreased more the drying time and energy consumption (SEC). Application of higher IR powers and air temperatures accelerated the drying process at lower energy consumption (SEC) and higher energy efficiency and moisture diffusion. Terebinth dried by a convective dryer at 60 degrees C with US pretreatment showed a better color compared to other samples. It also exhibited the polyphenol and flavonoid content of 145.35 mg GAE/g d.m. and 49.24 mg QE/g d.m., respectively, with color variations of 14.25 and a rehydration rate of 3.17. The proposed pretreatment methods significantly reduced the drying time and energy consumption, and from the other side it increased energy efficiency, bioactive compounds, and quality of the dried samples (p < 0.01). Among the different pretreatments used, microwave pretreatment led to the best results in terms of the drying time and SEC, and energy efficiency. US pretreatment showed the best results in terms of preserving the bioactive compounds and the general appearance of the terebinth.

Automated summary

This study focused on the influence of different drying methods and pretreatments on the drying kinetics, energy consumption, and quality of terebinth. It was found that IR drying reduced drying time and energy consumption more effectively than convective drying, while ultrasound pretreatment showed better preservation of bioactive compounds and appearance. The proposed pretreatment methods significantly improved the quality and energy efficiency of the dried samples.