Journal
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
Volume 11, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/app11114861
Keywords
Aedes albopictus; Culex pipiens pallens; Haemaphysalis longicornis; repellency; veratraldehyde
Categories
Funding
- Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program of the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) - Ministry of Trade, Industry Energy [10077518]
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [2016R1D1A1B02012307, 2016R1A6A1A03012862]
- Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) [10077518] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2016R1D1A1B02012307] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Veratraldehyde and the WJ-1041 formulation containing 10% veratraldehyde showed good repellency against infectious biting arthropods, indicating high potential for commercialization as repellent agents in the future.
Arthropod-borne infectious diseases cause many deaths and a major economic burden worldwide. Repellents play an important role in protecting people from infectious biting arthropods. The repellency of veratraldehyde, a known food additive, and the WJ-1041 formulation containing 10% veratraldehyde was tested against Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens females and Haemaphysalis longicornis nymphs using arm-in-cage, indoor or filter paper tests. Veratraldehyde exhibited repellency similar to or lower than that of n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) against A. albopictus, but in H. longicornis, the activity of veratraldehyde was better than that of DEET. The repellency of the 10% veratraldehyde solution was comparable to that of 20% DEET against the two mosquitoes. When comparing repellency between the WJ-1041 formulation (10% veratraldehyde) and 10% DEET against C. pipiens pallens, A. Albopictus and H. longicornis, the two showed similar repellency and complete protection time (CPT) values. However, there was a small difference depending on the tested insects. The absorption of veratraldehyde via skin was minimal, if at all. The pharmacokinetic parameters (C-max and T-max) of veratraldehyde in blood samples of rats were not different from those of the control group. Based on these results, veratraldehyde has high potential to be commercialized as a repellent agent against infectious disease-borne pests in the near future.
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