Journal
NANOMATERIALS
Volume 11, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nano11081969
Keywords
transition-metal dichalcogenides; WS2 nanoflakes; WS2 colloidal nanocrystals; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; Debye function
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Funding
- Progetto FISR-C.N.R. Tecnopolo di nanotecnologia e fotonica per la medicina di precisione [CUP B84I18000540002]
- SIR project Two-Dimensional Colloidal Metal Dichalcogenides based Energy-Conversion Photovoltaics (2D ECO)
- SIR Project 2014 [RBSI14-FYVD, CUP: B82I15000950008]
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This study provides a rational understanding of two dimensionally controllable 2D-WS2 colloidal nanoflakes through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and structural inspection, allowing for clear determination of phase components and sulfur ion presence.
The surface and structural characterization techniques of three atom-thick bi-dimensional 2D-WS2 colloidal nanocrystals cross the limit of bulk investigation, offering the possibility of simultaneous phase identification, structural-to-morphological evaluation, and surface chemical description. In the present study, we report a rational understanding based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and structural inspection of two kinds of dimensionally controllable 2D-WS2 colloidal nanoflakes (NFLs) generated with a surfactant assisted non-hydrolytic route. The qualitative and quantitative determination of 1T' and 2H phases based on W 4f XPS signal components, together with the presence of two kinds of sulfur ions, S-2(2-) and S2-, based on S 2p signal and related to the formation of WS2 and WOxSy in a mixed oxygen-sulfur environment, are carefully reported and discussed for both nanocrystals breeds. The XPS results are used as an input for detailed X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis allowing for a clear discrimination of NFLs crystal habit, and an estimation of the exact number of atomic monolayers composing the 2D-WS2 nanocrystalline samples.
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