Journal
MINERALS
Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/min11060603
Keywords
freshwater sediments; metal contaminants; bulk sediment; fine fraction; river
Funding
- Croatian waters, legal entity for water management in Croatia, within the program Monitoring of priority contaminants in biota and sediment in surface freshwaters of the Republic Croatia in 2019 [10-050/19]
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This study compared the distribution of six common metal contaminants in freshwater sediments between bulk and fine fractions, and found significant differences between these two fractions in different environments, suggesting the importance of selecting the appropriate fraction based on sediment characteristics for metal contamination investigation.
The distribution of six common metal contaminants (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the bulk (<2 mm) and fine fractions (<63 mu m) of freshwater sediments was compared to conclude on the long-existing dilemma which fraction should be used in the investigation of the metal contamination. The environments included in the study (24 rivers, 8 lakes) were very different with respect to sediments origin and composition and they provided a good review of the possible scenarios. For the river sediments, particularly those having >40% of sand fraction, metal concentrations were up to seven times higher in the fine fraction, implying the necessity for considering sand dilution effect in compositional data analysis. The same samples were also characterized with higher organic matter content (OM) in the fine fraction. Lake environments were characterized by fine-grained sedimentation and the difference between metal concentrations in the bulk and fine fraction was not so expressed. The preparation of samples for the geochemical and compositional data mining should be carried out in accordance with the sedimentological characteristics of the investigated environment. It implies that the insight into geological setting and determination of sedimentological characteristics should be an obligatory part of monitoring/investigating metal contamination in freshwater sediments. For river sediments, the analysis of the fine sediment fraction or correction for sediment lithology are advisable.
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