Journal
GENES
Volume 12, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/genes12091353
Keywords
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome; ciliopathy; heterogeneity; pleiotropy; variable expressivity
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Bardet-Biedl Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with diverse clinical manifestations, including retinal dystrophy, obesity, and polydactyly. The disease is caused by various mutations in genes encoding specific proteins, and the understanding of its heterogeneity is crucial for early diagnosis and proper treatment.
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome is a rare non-motile primary ciliopathy with multisystem involvement and autosomal recessive inheritance. The clinical picture is extremely polymorphic. The main clinical features are retinal cone-rod dystrophy, central obesity, postaxial polydactyly, cognitive impairment, hypogonadism and genitourinary abnormalities, and kidney disease. It is caused by various types of mutations, mainly in genes encoding BBSome proteins, chaperonins, and IFT complex. Variable expressivity and pleiotropy are correlated with the existence of multiple genes and variants modifiers. This review is focused on the phenomena of heterogeneity (locus, allelic, mutational, and clinical) in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, its mechanisms, and importance in early diagnosis and proper management.
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