Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 15, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.667447
Keywords
closed-loop system; neural interface; electroceuticals; ADC-direct front-end; miniaturization; stimulation artifact removal; wireless power transfer
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Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MSIT) [2020R1C1C1009878]
- Technology Innovation Program - Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea) [20012464]
- Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) [20012464] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2020R1C1C1009878] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Miniaturized implantable devices are crucial for neural interfaces in monitoring and modulating neural activities. The pursuit of a compact wireless closed-loop system can automatically stimulate nerves based on user conditions, reducing power consumption and side effects. However, challenges in hardware design remain, such as neural activity recording and energy-efficient wireless power delivery.
Miniaturized implantable devices play a crucial role in neural interfaces by monitoring and modulating neural activities on the peripheral and central nervous systems. Research efforts toward a compact wireless closed-loop system stimulating the nerve automatically according to the user's condition have been maintained. These systems have several advantages over open-loop stimulation systems such as reduction in both power consumption and side effects of continuous stimulation. Furthermore, a compact and wireless device consuming low energy alleviates foreign body reactions and risk of frequent surgical operations. Unfortunately, however, the miniaturized closed-loop neural interface system induces several hardware design challenges such as neural activity recording with severe stimulation artifact, real-time stimulation artifact removal, and energy-efficient wireless power delivery. Here, we will review recent approaches toward the miniaturized closed-loop neural interface system with integrated circuit (IC) techniques.
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