Journal
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 14, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.691396
Keywords
trigeminal nerve injury; trigeminal ganglion; trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis; craniofacial pain; oral diagnosis; treatment
Categories
Funding
- Sato Fund
- Uemura Fund
- Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- KAKENHI [17K11654, 18K09732, 19K10049]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19K10049, 18K09732, 17K11654] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Studies have shown that trigeminal nerve injury can lead to persistent orofacial pain, which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Animal research has revealed the involvement of various molecules in the communication between neurons and non-neuronal cells, as well as the potential ascending pathways in processing pathological orofacial pain.
Trigeminal nerve injury is known to cause severe persistent pain in the orofacial region. This pain is difficult to diagnose and treat. Recently, many animal studies have reported that rewiring of the peripheral and central nervous systems, non-neuronal cell activation, and up- and down-regulation of various molecules in non-neuronal cells are involved in the development of this pain following trigeminal nerve injury. However, there are many unknown mechanisms underlying the persistent orofacial pain associated with trigeminal nerve injury. In this review, we address recent animal data regarding the involvement of various molecules in the communication of neuronal and non-neuronal cells and examine the possible involvement of ascending pathways in processing pathological orofacial pain. We also address the clinical observations of persistent orofacial pain associated with trigeminal nerve injury and clinical approaches to their diagnosis and treatment.
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