Optimization of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger using two downgraded Algerian date varieties

In the present work, the GHARS and the MECH DEGLA downgraded date varieties were used in a fermen-tation medium in order to produce citric acid by the Aspergillus niger. The biochemical characteristics of the dates were investigated, along with the chemical and physical characteristics of the solutions of both samples. The analyzed parameters included the moisture and sugar content, the ash residual, the pH val-ues, and the electrical conductivity. The effect of the following fermentation parameters was studied: ini-tial pH, temperature, incubation period, and methanol. For the GHARS and MECH DEGLA date varieties respectively, the ash residual measured at 1.90% and 2.47%. For each date variety, the moisture and total sugars were measured at 11.59% and 85%, for the GHARS, and 12.82% and 80.47% for the MECH DEGLA. Citric acid production using either of the two varieties of dates showed a high yield in a short time. The obtained results showed that the highest production of citric acid by both medium of dates was achieved at the initial pH value of 3.0, temperature 30 degrees C, and an incubation period of 8 days. Also, the maximum amount of citric acid was produced when both mediums contained 4% of methanol. Both vari-eties of dates showed a good yield for the citric acid and can be used as a culture medium since they are economic and ensure good growth for the Aspergillus niger. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

Fermentation using GHARS and MECH DEGLA date varieties can yield high amounts of citric acid, with optimal production conditions at initial pH 3.0, temperature 30 degrees C, incubation period of 8 days, and methanol content of 4%.