Islands and stretched horizon

Recently it was proposed that the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation contains the information of a region including the interior of the event horizon, which is called island. In studies of the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation, the total system in the black hole geometry is separated into the Hawking radiation and black hole. In this paper, we study the entanglement entropy of the black hole in the asymptotically flat Schwarzschild spacetime. Consistency with the island rule for the Hawking radiation implies that the information of the black hole is located in a different region than the island. We found an instability of the island in the calculation of the entanglement entropy of the region outside a surface near the horizon. This implies that the region contains all the information of the total system and the information of the black hole is localized on the surface. Thus the surface would be interpreted as the stretched horizon. This structure also resembles black holes in the AdS spacetime with an auxiliary flat spacetime, where the information of the black hole is localized at the interface between the AdS spacetime and the flat spacetime.

Automated summary

Recent studies have shown that in black hole geometry, the localization of black hole information occurs in a region different from the island. The calculation suggests that this region contains all the information of the total system, while the information of the black hole is concentrated on the surface.