Journal
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
Volume 9, Issue 25, Pages 8572-8580Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01909
Keywords
seawater splitting; 2D materials; transition metal dichalcogenides; solar-powered; hydrogen production; density function theory; two-electrode water splitting
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Funding
- FIST
- PURSE
- Nanomission program of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Ministry of Human Resource Development under Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA 1.0)
- Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Foundation
- DRDO
- DSTINSPIRE, Government of India [170198]
- KAUST Internship program [BAS/1/1614-01-01]
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The study demonstrates the use of VS2/AC heterostructure electrode for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in seawater, showing remarkable stability. The heterostructure exhibits good stability under acidic electrolyte conditions and exceptional hydrogen evolution performance under natural seawater conditions.
Robust and stable electrodes made from earthabundant materials have gained widespread interest in large-scale electrocatalytic water splitting toward hydrogen energy technologies. In this study, the vanadium disulfide (VS2)/amorphous carbon (AC) heterostructure was employed as an electrode for direct seawater splitting. Two-dimensional VS2 nanoparticles were deposited on AC with a high degree of uniformity via a welloptimized one-step chemical vapor deposition approach. The VS2/AC heterostructure electrode was found to possess rich active sulfur sites, near-zero Gibbs free energy, a large surface area, and exceptional charge transfer toward the electrolyte, resulting in enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with a low onset potential and low overpotential of 11 and 61 mV (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), respectively. The electrode also sustained robust stability throughout the 50 h of chronoamperometry studies under acidic electrolyte conditions. Interestingly, the VS2/AC electrocatalyst accomplished an exceptional HER performance under natural seawater conditions in the absence of an external electrolyte with an onset potential of 56 mV vs RHE and attained eta(200) at an overpotential of 0.53 V vs RHE. In spite of this, the heterostructure exhibited superior stability over 21 days at a high current density of 250 mA/cm(2) under both indoor and solar-powered outdoor conditions. Overall, this VS2/AC heterostructure may open a new pathway toward direct seawater splitting for long-term, stable, large-scale hydrogen generation.
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