Journal
REMOTE SENSING
Volume 13, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/rs13122394
Keywords
Landsat; analysis ready data; river; water temperature; Alaska
Categories
Funding
- U.S. Geological Survey National Land Imaging Program
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Water temperature is a crucial aspect of freshwater ecological systems and can be indirectly measured using remote sensing platforms. Comparison studies show that Landsat data can provide accurate estimates of water temperature, which is valuable for water resource management.
Water temperature is a key element of freshwater ecological systems and a critical element within natural resource monitoring programs. In the absence of in situ measurements, remote sensing platforms can indirectly measure water temperature over time and space. The Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center has processed archived Landsat imagery into analysis ready data (ARD), including Level-2 Provisional Surface Temperature (pST) estimates derived from the Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). We compared in situ measurements of water temperature within the Yukon River in Alaska with 52 instances of pST estimates between June 2014 and September 2020. Agreement was good with an RMSE of 2.25 degrees C and only a slight negative bias in the estimated mean daily water temperature of -0.47 degrees C. For the 52 dates compared, the average daily water temperature measured by the USGS streamgage was 11.3 degrees C with a standard deviation of 5.7 degrees C. The average daily pST estimate was 10.8 degrees C with a standard deviation of 6.1 degrees C. At least in the case of large unstratified rivers in Alaska, ARD pST can be used to infer water temperature in the absence of or in tandem with ground-based water temperature monitoring campaigns.
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