Journal
PROTEIN & CELL
Volume 12, Issue 10, Pages 769-787Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00858-3
Keywords
chaperone-mediated autophagy; Metformin; TAK1; IKK alpha/beta; Hsc70; APP; Alzheimer's disease
Categories
Funding
- National Key RAMP
- D Program of China [2017YFA0104200]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [91854108, 81773182, 31601121]
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The study reveals that Metformin can induce CMA through activating the TAK1-IKKα/β signaling pathway to improve the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, Metformin can reduce amyloid-beta plaques in the brain and reverse the molecular and behavioral phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease.
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a lysosome-dependent selective degradation pathway implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms that regulate CMA are not fully understood. Here, using unbiased drug screening approaches, we discover Metformin, a drug that is commonly the first medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes, can induce CMA. We delineate the mechanism of CMA induction by Metformin to be via activation of TAK1-IKK alpha/beta signaling that leads to phosphorylation of Ser85 of the key mediator of CMA, Hsc70, and its activation. Notably, we find that amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is a CMA substrate and that it binds to Hsc70 in an IKK alpha/beta-dependent manner. The inhibition of CMA-mediated degradation of APP enhances its cytotoxicity. Importantly, we find that in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), activation of CMA by Hsc70 overexpression or Metformin potently reduces the accumulated brain A beta plaque levels and reverses the molecular and behavioral AD phenotypes. Our study elucidates a novel mechanism of CMA regulation via Metformin-TAK1-IKK alpha/beta-Hsc70 signaling and suggests Metformin as a new activator of CMA for diseases, such as AD, where such therapeutic intervention could be beneficial.
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