Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW X
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.11.031052
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Funding
- Swedish Science Council (VR) [2015-04105, 2015-03824]
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2016.0089]
- Spanish Research Council Grant [FIS2017-83706-R]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 Grant [687089]
- Spanish Research Council [FIS2016-80458-P, PID2019-111148 GB-I00]
- ICREA Academia Grant 2013
- ICREA Academia Grant 2018
- Swedish Research Council [2015-04105, 2015-03824] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
- Vinnova [2015-04105] Funding Source: Vinnova
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Feedback plays a crucial role in reducing dissipation in nonequilibrium systems, with discrete- and continuous-time feedback reducing dissipation without improving free-energy determination. A feedback strategy, defined as a correlated sequence of feedback protocols, further enhances information-to-measurement efficiency, highlighting the importance of temporal correlations in developing efficient feedback strategies.
Information-to-energy conversion with feedback measurement stands as one of the most intriguing aspects of the thermodynamics of information in the nanoscale. To date, experiments have focused on feedback protocols for work extraction. Here we address the novel case of dissipation reduction in nonequilibrium systems with feedback. We perform pulling experiments on DNA hairpins with optical tweezers, with a general feedback protocol based on multiple measurements that includes either discretetime or continuous-time feedback. While feedback can reduce dissipation, it remains unanswered whether it also improves free-energy determination (information-to-measurement conversion). We define thermodynamic information Upsilon as the natural logarithm of the feedback efficacy, a quantitative measure of the efficiency of information-to-energy and information-to-measurement conversion in feedback protocols. We find that discrete- and continuous-time feedback reduces dissipation by roughly k(B)T Upsilon without improvement in free-energy determination. Remarkably, a feedback strategy (defined as a correlated sequence of feedback protocols) further reduces dissipation, enhancing information-to-measurement efficiency. Our study underlines the role of temporal correlations to develop feedback strategies for efficient information-to-measurement conversion in small systems.
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