Neuropathic orofacial pain: Characterization of different patient groups using the ICOP first edition, in a tertiary level Orofacial Pain Clinic

Objective. To characterize patients with chronic neuropathic orofacial pain in accordance with the International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP first edition) criteria. Study Design. A retrospective chart review of 108 patients was conducted. The most common categories observed were trigeminal neuralgia (TN) (25.9%), burning mouth syndrome (BMS) (11.1%), persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) (26.9%), and post traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain (PTTNP) (26.9%); 9.3% of patients could not be categorized. Results. TN and BMS was more prevalent in the sixth decade, and PIFP and PTTN were more prevalent in the fifth decade. All categories showed female predilection. The pain in TN was predominantly episodic, described as sharp shooting and like an electric shock, unilateral and affecting the V2 division, and with trigger zones in 50% of patients. Pain in BMS was predominantly constant and described as burning, with the tongue being the most common site. Pain in PIFP and PTTNP was as follows: varied from constant to episodic; described as burning, sharp shooting, throbbing, or dull aching; intraoral or extraoral; and mostly involving the V2 or V3 division. Conclusion. This study is the first to characterize patients with neuropathic orofacial pain using the new ICOP criteria. PIFP and PTTNP were most commonly misdiagnosed categories. Using diagnostic criteria will increase the understanding of this patient group. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021;132:653-661)

Automated summary

This study characterized patients with chronic neuropathic orofacial pain according to the ICOP criteria, identifying persistent idiopathic facial pain and post traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain as commonly misdiagnosed categories.