Journal
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
Volume 11, Issue 12, Pages 7492-7506Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7580
Keywords
automatic detection; Drosophila; genitalia; machine learning; plasticity; reproductive isolation; shape analysis; speciation
Categories
Funding
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-11--IDEX-0005-02, ANR-11-LABX-0071, ANR-18-IDEX-0001]
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council [337579]
- European Research Council (ERC) [337579] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Temperature can affect the morphology of genital structures, which may be relatively variable within a species, depending on the environmental context.
Male genitalia are usually extremely divergent between closely related species, but relatively constant within one species. Here we examine the effect of temperature on the shape of the ventral branches, a male genital structure involved in reproductive isolation, in the sister species Drosophila santomea and Drosophila yakuba. We designed a semi-automatic measurement machine learning pipeline that can reliably identify curvatures and landmarks based on manually digitized contours of the ventral branches. With this method, we observed that temperature does not affect ventral branches in D. yakuba but that in D. santomea ventral branches tend to morph into a D. yakuba-like shape at lower temperature. We found that male genitalia structures involved in reproductive isolation can be relatively variable within one species and can resemble the shape of closely related species' genitalia through plasticity to temperature. Our results suggest that reproductive isolation mechanisms can be dependent on the environmental context.
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