Vaccinating people who have had covid-19: why doesn't natural immunity count in the US?

Review Virology

Quantifying the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection over time

Eamon O. Murchu et al.

Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is not common, with a relatively low risk of reinfection, and there is no evidence to suggest an increase in reinfection risk over time. Whole genome sequencing in a subset of patients showed a low population-level risk of reinfection, with no evidence of waning immunity for up to 7 months following primary infection.

REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection

Jennifer M. Dan et al.

Summary: Different components of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 exhibit distinct kinetics, with antibodies and spike-specific memory B cells remaining relatively stable over 6 months, while CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells declining with a half-life of 3 to 5 months after infection.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nina Le Bert et al.

Summary: The efficacy of virus-specific T cells in clearing pathogens involves a delicate balance between antiviral and inflammatory responses. Asymptomatic individuals clearing SARS-CoV-2 showed increased production of IFN-gamma and IL-2, along with a proportional secretion of IL-10 and proinflammatory cytokines, while symptomatic individuals displayed a disproportionate secretion of inflammatory cytokines triggered by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell activation.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative health-care workers in England: a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study (SIREN)

Victoria Jane Hall et al.

Summary: This study investigated whether antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic and asymptomatic reinfection. It found that individuals with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection had an 84% lower risk of reinfection, with a median protective effect lasting for 7 months following primary infection.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Vaccine side-effects and SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination in users of the COVID Symptom Study app in the UK: a prospective observational study

Cristina Menni et al.

Summary: This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines in a UK community setting. The results showed that the frequencies of side effects from these vaccines were lower than reported in clinical trials, and a significant reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed starting at 12 days after vaccination.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

CD8+ T cell responses in COVID-19 convalescent individuals target conserved epitopes from multiple prominent SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants

Andrew D Redd et al.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases (2021)

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Article Biology

Self-Reported Real-World Safety and Reactogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Vaccine Recipient Survey

Alexander G. Mathioudakis et al.

Summary: The study compares the safety, tolerability, and reactogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccines among various recipient groups. Those who had a prior COVID-19 infection were found to have an increased risk of vaccination side effects, with mRNA vaccines causing milder systemic reactions but more local reactions compared to viral vector-based vaccines.

LIFE-BASEL (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Associations of Vaccination and of Prior Infection With Positive PCR Test Results for SARS-CoV-2 in Airline Passengers Arriving in Qatar

Roberto Bertollini et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Antibodies elicited by mRNA-1273 vaccination bind more broadly to the receptor binding domain than do those from SARS-CoV-2 infection

Allison J. Greaney et al.

Summary: Vaccine-elicited antibodies have more focused neutralizing activity on the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, while infection-elicited antibodies have broader binding across epitopes; hence, single RBD mutations have less impact on neutralization by vaccine sera.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

US college covid-19 vaccine mandates don't consider immunity or pregnancy, and may run foul of the law

Jennifer Block

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Differential effects of the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose on T cell immunity in naive and COVID-19 recovered individuals

Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo et al.

Summary: The study found that the second dose of the vaccine increases immunity in naive individuals, while those who previously recovered from COVID-19 reach their peak immunity after the first dose. This suggests that a second dose may not be necessary for individuals who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 before.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Reduced Risk of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 After COVID-19 Vaccination — Kentucky, May–June 2021

Alyson M. Cavanaugh et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Vaccinating people who have had covid-19: why doesn't natural immunity count in the US?

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