Forms and frequency of vicarious racial discrimination and African American parents' health

Background: African Americans often witness or learn about others' racial discrimination experiences (i.e., vicarious racial discrimination). Vicarious racial discrimination may contribute to adverse physical and psychological health outcomes for African Americans. We examined relations between four types of vicarious racial discrimination and depressive symptoms and self-rated health among African American parents. Methods: Path analyses were conducted to examine the linkage between each type of vicarious racial discrimination and both depressive symptoms and self-rated health. Chi-square difference tests were conducted to determine if the four forms of vicarious racial discrimination significantly differed in their relations to both depressive symptoms and self-rated health. Results: Witnessing or learning about their children's racial discrimination experiences was significantly related to higher parental depressive symptoms. Witnessing or learning about a racial discrimination experience of a stranger through the news or social media was significantly related to lower self-rated health. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of examining the health implications of vicarious racial discrimination. Different types of vicarious racial discrimination experiences matter concerning depressive symptoms and self-rated health.

Automated summary

This study examined the impact of four types of vicarious racial discrimination on depressive symptoms and self-rated health among African American parents. The results revealed that witnessing or learning about their children's racial discrimination experiences was significantly associated with higher parental depressive symptoms, while witnessing or learning about a racial discrimination experience of a stranger through the news or social media was significantly related to lower self-rated health.