Positive relationship between seasonal Indo-Pacific Ocean wave power and SST

The influence of increasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs), in response to greenhouse warming, on wave power (WP) remains uncertain. Here, seasonal relationships between SST anomalies and mean and extreme WP over the Indo-Pacific Ocean are examined. Overall, seasonal WP has significantly increased over much of the Pacific, Indian, and Southern Ocean by 1.21-3.10 kW/m dec(-1) over 1979-2019. Contributions from wave characteristics, namely significant wave height (SWH) and peak wave period (PWP), to changes in WP show that SWH contributes most in extra-tropical regions, and PWP most in tropical regions. Further, seasonal relationships between SST anomalies and WP indicate that increases in WP are also seen during strong El Nino years in December-February, and in-phase combinations of El Nino and positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events during June-August and September-November. Results highlight both long-term increasing SSTs and climate variability roles for inducing large-scale seasonal WP changes throughout the Indo-Pacific.

Automated summary

The study found that seasonal wave power has significantly increased over the Indo-Pacific Ocean from 1979 to 2019, primarily due to the long-term increasing sea surface temperatures and the influence of climate variability.