Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 13, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu13092974
Keywords
iridoids; phytochemicals; anticancer; invasion; angiogenesis; metastasis
Categories
Funding
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea - Ministry of Science and ICT [2020R1A2C2006060]
- Global Research and Development Center (GRDC) Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea - Ministry of Science and ICT [2017K1A4A3014959]
- Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (IPET) through Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Convergence Technologies Program for Educating Creative Global Leader - Ministry of Agriculture, Food [320005-4]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2020R1A2C2006060] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Iridoid glycosides play an important role in anti-cancer by inhibiting cancer cell growth and metastasis through multiple mechanisms. They can influence cancer cell growth by regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis-related signaling pathways, while also suppressing the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and reducing cancer cell invasiveness.
Iridoids are glycosides found in plants, having inherent roles in defending them against infection by viruses and microorganisms, and in the rapid repair of damaged areas. The emerging roles of iridoid glycosides on pharmacological properties have aroused the curiosity of many researchers, and studies undertaken indicate that iridoid glycosides exert inhibitory effects in numerous cancers. This review focuses on the roles and the potential mechanism of iridoid glycosides at each stage of cancer development such as proliferation, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Overall, the reviewed literature indicates that iridoid glycosides inhibit cancer growth by inducing cell cycle arrest or by regulating apoptosis-related signaling pathways. In addition, iridoid glycosides suppress the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), resulting in reduced cancer cell migration and invasiveness. The antiangiogenic mechanism of iridoid glycosides was found to be closely related to the transcriptional regulation of pro-angiogenic factors, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31). Taken together, these results indicate the therapeutic potential of iridoid glycosides to alleviate or prevent rapid cancer progression and metastasis.
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