Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 13, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu13061981
Keywords
pregnancy; obesity; diet; physical activity; gestational weight gain; deprivation
Categories
Funding
- National Institute for Health Research Postdoctoral Research Fellowship [PDF-2011-04-034]
- National Institute for Health Research
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This study found that pregnant women living with obesity in high deprivation areas had suboptimal dietary intake and predominantly light intensity physical activity. Most women gained weight outside of guideline recommendations, with those in class 3 obesity most likely to have inadequate weight gain. Support is needed for this population to achieve guideline recommendations.
Maternal diet, physical activity (PA) behaviours, and gestational weight gain (GWG) are important for optimum health of women and their babies. This secondary analysis of the GLOWING pilot cluster trial explored these among women living with obesity in high deprivation. Pregnant women completed food frequency, PA and psychosocial questionnaires. Weights were retrieved from medical records and measured during routine appointments with midwives. Descriptive and regression analyses were stratified by obesity class. A total of 163 women were recruited; 54.0% had class 1 obesity, 25.8% class 2, 20.2% class 3, and 76.1% lived in the two most deprived quintiles. Women had suboptimal dietary intake, particularly for oily fish, fruit and vegetables. PA was predominantly light intensity, from household, care and occupational activities. Most women gained weight outside of Institute of Medicine (IOM) guideline recommendations (87.8%); women in class 3 obesity were most likely to have inadequate GWG below IOM recommendations (58.3%, p < 0.01) and reduced odds of excessive GWG compared with class 1 (AOR 0.13, 95% 0.04-0.45). Deprived women with obesity have a double inequality as both increase pregnancy risks. This population requires support to meet guideline recommendations for diet, PA and GWG. Further research exploring obesity classes would inform policies and care to achieve the best pregnancy outcomes.
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