Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders

Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among the metabolic, peripheral immune, and central nervous systems via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, it is not well understood how the gut microbiome and neurons in the brain mutually interact or how these interactions affect normal brain functioning and cognition. We summarize the mechanisms whereby the gut microbiota regulate the production, transportation, and functioning of neurotransmitters. We also discuss how microbiome dysbiosis affects cognitive function, especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Automated summary

Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating brain activity and cognitive functions through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The mechanisms by which gut microbiota regulate neurotransmitter production, transportation, and functioning are not well understood, nor are the effects of these interactions on normal brain functions and cognition. Dysbiosis of the microbiome can adversely affect cognitive function, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.