4.7 Article

Association between Hyperglycemia at Hospital Presentation and Hospital Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Hospitalized Inner-City COVID-19 Patients

Journal

NUTRIENTS
Volume 13, Issue 7, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu13072199

Keywords

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; mortality; blood glucose; hyperglycemia; type 2 diabetes mellitus

Funding

  1. Ruth L. Kirchstein National Research Service Award program from the National Institutes of Health [2 T32 DK 7201-42, P30 DK046200]
  2. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
  3. Novo Nordisk

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This study found that in COVID-19 patients without T2D, hyperglycemia may be associated with worse outcomes including mortality rate, ICU admission, and acute kidney injury. However, in patients with T2D, hyperglycemia was only associated with ICU admission and acute kidney injury.
This study aimed to determine the relationships among hyperglycemia (HG), the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the outcomes of COVID-19. Demographic data, blood glucose levels (BG) measured on admission, and hospital outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Boston University Medical Center from 1 March to 4 August 2020 were extracted from the hospital database. HG was defined as BG > 200 mg/dL. Patients with type 1 diabetes or BG < 70 mg/dL were excluded. A total of 458 patients with T2D and 976 patients without T2D were included in the study. The mean +/- SD age was 56 +/- 17 years and 642 (45%) were female. HG occurred in 193 (42%) and 42 (4%) of patients with and without T2D, respectively. Overall, the in-hospital mortality rate was 9%. Among patients without T2D, HG was statistically significantly associated with mortality, ICU admission, intubation, acute kidney injury, and severe sepsis/septic shock, after adjusting for potential confounders (p < 0.05). However, only ICU admission and acute kidney injury were associated with HG among patients with T2D (p < 0.05). Among the 235 patients with HG, the presence of T2D was associated with decreased odds of mortality, ICU admission, intubation, and severe sepsis/septic shock, after adjusting for potential confounders, including BG (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HG in the subset of patients without T2D could be a strong indicator of high inflammatory burden, leading to a higher risk of severe COVID-19.

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