Electronic, Structural, and Optical Properties of Mono-Doped and Co-Doped (210) TiO2 Brookite Surfaces for Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells-A First Principles Study

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) polymorphs have recently gained a lot of attention in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The brookite polymorph, among other TiO2 polymorphs, is now becoming the focus of research in DSSC applications, despite the difficulties in obtaining it as a pure phase experimentally. The current theoretical study used different nonmetals (C, S and N) and (C-S, C-N and S-N) as dopants and co-dopants, respectively, to investigate the effects of mono-doping and co-doping on the electronic, structural, and optical structure properties of (210) TiO2 brookite surfaces, which is the most exposed surface of brookite. The results show that due to the narrowing of the band gap and the presence of impurity levels in the band gap, all mono-doped and co-doped TiO2 brookite (210) surfaces exhibit some redshift. In particular, the C-doped, and C-N co-doped TiO2 brookite (210) surfaces exhibit better absorption in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum in comparison to the pure, S-doped, N-doped, C-S co-doped and N-S co-doped TiO2 brookite (210) surfaces.

Automated summary

Research has shown that the brookite polymorph of TiO2 is gaining attention in dye-sensitized solar cells, with studies finding that doping and co-doping with nonmetals can lead to redshift in absorption spectra on the (210) TiO2 brookite surfaces. Among the dopants, C-doped and C-N co-doped surfaces exhibit superior absorption in the visible region compared to the other surfaces with different dopants.