4.6 Article

Halloysite nanotubes and halloysite-based composites for biomedical applications

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Recent Advances in Biopolymeric Composite Materials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicines: A Review

Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan et al.

Summary: The study discusses the selection of suitable biopolymers and additives for the preparation of polymer composites with desired properties, focusing on the interfacial interactions between biopolymers and nanofillers in controlling the mechanical characteristics of the composites, as well as the applications of biopolymeric composites in drug release, tissue engineering, and wound healing.

MOLECULES (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Modification of halloysite clay nanotubes with various alkyl halides, and their characterization, blood compatibility, biocompatibility, and genotoxicity

Mehmet Can et al.

Summary: The modification of Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) clay with alkyl halides resulted in changes in physical and chemical properties, including increased surface charge and surface area. HNT-BrOD clays showed slight hemolytic activity at certain concentrations, while both base-activated HNT and HNT-BrOD clays exhibited antithrombotic characteristics.

MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterial Based on Halloysite and Hectorite Clay Minerals Covalently Bridged

Marina Massaro et al.

Summary: A covalent modification method for Halloysite nanotubes with hectorite clay was reported, improving their metal ion adsorption capabilities. The covalent linkage between the two clays was verified through various techniques, and the adsorption ability of the modified Halloysite/Hectorite composite was demonstrated to be higher than pristine clays for ciprofloxacin and silver ions.

NANOMATERIALS (2021)

Review Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

The Cat Mandible (I): Anatomical Basis to Avoid Iatrogenic Damage in Veterinary Clinical Practice

Matilde Lombardero et al.

Summary: Cats are one of the most common companion animals, but they have several important anatomical and physiological differences compared to dogs. Understanding these differences is crucial in clinical practice to prevent unintentional medical damage.

ANIMALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver-Coated Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Antibacterial and In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Biocompatibility

Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan et al.

Summary: This research introduces a bone tissue engineering technique using multifunctional composite materials, specifically silver-coated polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds with excellent antibacterial properties and improved compressive strength. Increasing the amount of graphene oxide regulates the morphological properties and antibacterial inhibition zones of the scaffolds.

ACS OMEGA (2021)

Article Engineering, Biomedical

Microstructure evolution and texture tailoring of reduced graphene oxide reinforced Zn scaffold

Youwen Yang et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated the great potential of using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as reinforcement in zinc scaffold to enhance mechanical performance and cell behavior, making it a promising material for bone repair applications.

BIOACTIVE MATERIALS (2021)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology-based materials as emerging trends for dental applications

Tejas Barot et al.

Summary: Nanomaterials have unique and superior properties that make them highly advanced and vital for rapid diagnosis and treatment in the health sector, particularly in dentistry. By incorporating nanoparticles into dental restorative materials, they can be useful for preventing and managing dental caries, potentially revolutionizing oral health.

REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE (2021)

Review Materials Science, Biomaterials

Halloysite Nanotubes for Nanomedicine: Prospects, Challenges and Applications

Swatantra Kumar Singh Kushwaha et al.

Summary: Halloysite nanoclay, a naturally occurring nanomaterial, has emerged as a suitable carrier system for controlled and sustained drug delivery due to its tubular structure, good biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and unique feature of selective drug loading based on opposite charges on inner and outer surfaces. This nanoclay can be widely used in biomedical, environmental fields, and various types of medications, making it a promising candidate for novel drug delivery systems.

BIONANOSCIENCE (2021)

Article Materials Science, Composites

Fabrication of polylactic acid/halloysite nanotube scaffolds by foam injection molding for tissue engineering

Meltem Eryildiz et al.

POLYMER COMPOSITES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Effects of halloysite content on the thermo-mechanical performances of composite bioplastics

Lorenzo Lisuzzo et al.

APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Halloysite/Keratin Nanocomposite for Human Hair Photoprotection Coating

Giuseppe Cavallaro et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Polymer Science

Multifunctional Bioactive Resin for Dental Restorative Materials

Loredana Tammaro et al.

POLYMERS (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Arabinoxylan-co-AA/HAp/TiO2 nanocomposite scaffold a potential material for bone tissue engineering: An in vitro study

Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2020)

Article Engineering, Biomedical

Physicochemical and biological assessment of flowable resin composites incorporated with farnesol loaded halloysite nanotubes for dental applications

Tejas Barot et al.

JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Fabrication of biocompatible antibacterial nanowafers based on HNT/PVA nanocomposites loaded with minocycline for burn wound dressing

Alireza Mohebali et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Therapeutic Functions of Stem Cells from Oral Cavity: An Update

Ji Won Yang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Halloysite nanotubes and halloysite-based composites for environmental and biomedical applications

Nazarii Danyliuk et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS (2020)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Novel functional antimicrobial and biocompatible arabinoxylan/guar gum hydrogel for skin wound dressing applications

Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan et al.

JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites for Dental Applications

Katarzyna Gawdzinska et al.

APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cryogel composites based on hyaluronic acid and halloysite nanotubes as scaffold for tissue engineering

Selin S. Suner et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Why does vacuum drive to the loading of halloysite nanotubes? The key role of water confinement

Lorenzo Lisuzzo et al.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2019)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Biomedical potential of clay nanotube formulations and their toxicity assessment

Ana Claudia Santos et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY (2019)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Comparative study of the properties of sericin-gelatin nanofibrous wound dressing containing halloysite nanotubes loaded with zinc and copper ions

Hamed Massoumi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Multifunctional Carrier Based on Halloysite/Laponite Hybrid Hydrogel for Kartogenin Delivery

Marina Massaro et al.

ACS MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Nanohydrogel Formation within the Halloysite Lumen for Triggered and Sustained Release

Giuseppe Cavallaro et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2018)

Review Chemistry, Physical

An assembly of organic-inorganic composites using halloysite clay nanotubes

Giuseppe Lazzara et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE (2018)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Antimicrobial gelatin-based elastomer nanocomposite membrane loaded with ciprofloxacin and polymyxin B sulfate in halloysite nanotubes for wound dressing

Rui Shi et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS (2018)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Mechanical and biological performance of printed alginate/methylcellulose/halloysite nanotube/polyvinylidene fluoride bio-scaffolds

Babak Roushangar Zineh et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS (2018)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Effect of halloysite nanotube structure on physical, chemical, structural and biological properties of elastic polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofibers for wound healing applications

Veronika Pavlinakova et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS (2018)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

Halloysite nanotubes in analytical sciences and in drug delivery: A review

Meriem Fizir et al.

MICROCHIMICA ACTA (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Modified halloysite nanoclay as a vehicle for sustained drug delivery

Ernest Gyan Bediako et al.

HELIYON (2018)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Paclitaxel Encapsulated in Halloysite Clay Nanotubes for Intestinal and Intracellular Delivery

Raghuvara Yendluri et al.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2017)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Comparison between PCL/hydroxyapatite (HA) and PCL/halloysite nanotube (HNT) composite scaffolds prepared by co-extrusion and gas foaming

Xin Jing et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS (2017)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Effects of halloysite nanotubes on physical properties and cytocompatibility of alginate composite hydrogels

Biao Huang et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS (2017)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Impact of Halloysite on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites

Tayser Sumer Gaaz et al.

MOLECULES (2017)

Review Polymer Science

Halloysite clay nanotubes as nano-bazookas for drug delivery

Stefano Leporatti

POLYMER INTERNATIONAL (2017)

Review Chemistry, Applied

Halloysite nanotubes as nanocontainer for smart coating application: A review

Khairina Azmi Zahidah et al.

PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nanodot-Loaded Clay Nanotubes as Green and Sustained Radical Scavengers for Elastomer

Siwu Wu et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2017)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Chitosan composite hydrogels reinforced with natural clay nanotubes

Biao Huang et al.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2017)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Insight into halloysite nanotubes-loaded gellan gum hydrogels for soft tissue engineering applications

Maria A. Bonifacio et al.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2017)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy of Doxorubicin for Breast Cancer Using Chitosan Oligosaccharide-Modified Halloysite Nanotubes

Jing Yang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Chitosan modified halloysite nanotubes as emerging porous microspheres for drug carrier

Xiaoyu Li et al.

APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE (2016)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Halloysite nanotubes as a new drug-delivery system: a review

Muhammad Hanif et al.

CLAY MINERALS (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Magnetic halloysite nanotubes for yeast cell surface engineering

S. A. Konnova et al.

CLAY MINERALS (2016)

Article Biophysics

Doxorubicin-loaded photosensitive magnetic liposomes for multi-modal cancer therapy

Saqlain A. Shah et al.

COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES (2016)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Drug Coated Clay Nanoparticles for Delivery of Chemotherapeutics

L. Sun et al.

CURRENT NANOSCIENCE (2016)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Clay nanotube-biopolymer composite scaffolds for tissue engineering

Ekaterina A. Naumenko et al.

NANOSCALE (2016)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Functionalized halloysite nanotube by chitosan grafting for drug delivery of curcumin to achieve enhanced anticancer efficacy

Mingxian Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B (2016)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid-Chitosan Dual Loaded Nanoparticles for Antiretroviral Nanoformulations

Faithful Makita-Chingombe et al.

JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Biocompatible Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-halloysite Nanotubes for Thermoresponsive Curcumin Release

Giuseppe Cavallaro et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2015)

Article Engineering, Biomedical

Evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol composite membranes containing collagen and bone particles

Nishar Hameed et al.

JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS (2015)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Properties and Applications of Polyvinyl Alcohol, Halloysite Nanotubes and Their Nanocomposites

Tayser Sumer Gaaz et al.

MOLECULES (2015)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Toughening of electrospun poly(L-lactic acid) nanofiber scaffolds with unidirectionally aligned halloysite nanotubes

Ning Cai et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE (2015)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

A novel three-dimensional scaffold for regenerative endodontics: materials and biological characterizations

Marco C. Bottino et al.

JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE (2015)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent advances of curcumin and its analogues in breast cancer prevention and treatment

Charlotta D. Mock et al.

RSC ADVANCES (2015)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Loading and in vitro release of ibuprofen in tubular halloysite

Daoyong Tan et al.

APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE (2014)

Review Oncology

Targeting Cancer with Nano-Bullets: Curcumin, EGCG, Resveratrol and Quercetin on Flying Carpets

Aliye Aras et al.

ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The improvement of hemostatic and wound healing property of chitosan by halloysite nanotubes

Mingxian Liu et al.

RSC ADVANCES (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enhanced efficiency of antiseptics with sustained release from clay nanotubes

Wenbo Wei et al.

RSC ADVANCES (2014)

Review Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Echographic imaging of tumoral cells through novel nanosystems for image diagnosis

Marco Di Paola et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY (2014)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Biomedical Applications of Clay

Wojciech Chrzanowski et al.

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2013)

Article Biophysics

Pharmacokinetics of curcumin-loaded PLGA and PLGA-PEG blend nanoparticles after oral administration in rats

Najeh Maissar Khalil et al.

COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES (2013)

Article Polymer Science

Polylactide/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites: Thermal, mechanical properties, and foam processing

Wei Wu et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2013)

Review Pathology

Microfluidics and Circulating Tumor Cells

Yi Dong et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS (2013)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Cellular interactions of doxorubicin-loaded DNA-modified halloysite nanotubes

Yeonju Lee et al.

NANOSCALE (2013)

Review Polymer Science

Functional polymer-clay nanotube composites with sustained release of chemical agents

Yuri Lvov et al.

PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE (2013)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Halloysite clay nanotubes as a ceramic skeleton for functional biopolymer composites with sustained drug release

Elshad Abdullayev et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B (2013)

Article Chemistry, Physical

The anti-inflammatory properties of halloysite

Hilda Cornejo-Garrido et al.

APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE (2012)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Halloysite Nanotubes, a Multifunctional Nanovehicle for Anticancer Drug Delivery

Guo Mingyi et al.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2012)

Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Microtube Device for Selectin-Mediated Capture of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood

Andrew D. Hughes et al.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2012)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Fabrication and evaluation of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA dental resins/composites containing halloysite nanotubes

Qi Chen et al.

DENTAL MATERIALS (2012)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

New polymer-halloysite hybrid materials-potential controlled drug release system

Adi Ghebaur et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2012)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Halloysite Clay Nanotubes for Resveratrol Delivery to Cancer Cells

Viviana Vergaro et al.

MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE (2012)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Clay Nanotube/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Bone Cement Composites with Sustained Antibiotic Release

Wenbo Wei et al.

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING (2012)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Drug-loaded polyelectrolyte microcapsules for sustained targeting of cancer cells

Viviana Vergaro et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2011)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Layer-by-layer assembly of poly(L-glutamic acid)/chitosan microcapsules for high loading and sustained release of 5-fluorouracil

Shifeng Yan et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS (2011)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Natural Nanocontainer for the Controlled Delivery of Glycerol as a Moisturizing Agent

Y. J. Suh et al.

JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY (2011)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Halloysite Clay Nanotubes for Controlled Release of Protective Agents

Elshad Abdullayev et al.

JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY (2011)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cytocompatibility and Uptake of Halloysite Clay Nanotubes

Viviana Vergaro et al.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2010)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Immobilization of enzyme biocatalyst on natural halloysite nanotubes

Rui Zhai et al.

CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS (2010)

Article Polymer Science

Enhanced Adsorption of Ammonium Using Hydrogel Composites Based on Chitosan and Halloysite

Yian Zheng et al.

JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Controlled Release of Tetracycline-HCl from Halloysite-Polymer Composite Films

Christopher J. Ward et al.

JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY (2010)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

A Ceramic Drug Delivery Vehicle for Oral Administration of Highly Potent Opioids

Johan Forsgren et al.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Use of Naturally Occurring Halloysite Nanotubes for Enhanced Capture of Flowing Cells

Andrew D. Hughes et al.

LANGMUIR (2010)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Study on the adsorption of Neutral Red from aqueous solution onto halloysite nanotubes

Peng Luo et al.

WATER RESEARCH (2010)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Supramolecular structure of 5-aminosalycilic acid/halloysite composites

Maria-Teresa Viseras et al.

JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION (2009)

Article Thermodynamics

Crystallization behavior of polyamide 6/halloysite nanotubes nanocomposites

Baochun Guo et al.

THERMOCHIMICA ACTA (2009)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Immobilization of metalloporphyrins into nanotubes of natural halloysite toward selective catalysts for oxidation reactions

Guilherme Sippel Machado et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL (2008)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Equilibrium and kinetics of 5-aminosalicylic acid adsorption by halloysite

M. T. Viseras et al.

MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS (2008)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Adsorption behavior of methylene blue on halloysite nanotubes

Mingfei Zhao et al.

MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS (2008)

Article Polymer Science

The suitability of halloysite nanotubes as a fire retardant for nylon 6

D. C. O. Marney et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2008)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Drying induced aggregation of halloysite nanotubes in polyvinyl alcohol/halloysite nanotubes solution and its effect on properties of composite film

M. Liu et al.

APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING (2007)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Clay nanotubes for encapsulation and sustained release of drugs

Nalinkanth G. Veerabadran et al.

Article Polymer Science

Thermal stability and flame retardant effects of halloysite nanotubes on poly(propylene)

Mingliang Du et al.

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2006)

Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Probiotics: do they have a role in oral medicine and dentistry?

JH Meurman

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES (2005)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Halloysite nanotubes as biomimetic nanoreactors

DG Shchukin et al.

SMALL (2005)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Formulation and preliminary in vivo dog studies of a novel drug delivery system for the treatment of periodontitis

HM Kelly et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2004)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Use of coated microtubular halloysite for the sustained release of diltiazem hydrochloride and propranolol hydrochloride

SR Levis et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2003)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Adsorption of naphthalene by HDTMA modified kaolinite and halloysite

SY Lee et al.

APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE (2002)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Characterisation of halloysite for use as a microtubular drug delivery system

SR Levis et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2002)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Thin film nanofabrication via layer-by-layer adsorption of tubule halloysite, spherical silica, proteins and polycations

Y Lvov et al.

COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS (2002)