Journal
ACS CATALYSIS
Volume 11, Issue 13, Pages 8104-8115Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00874
Keywords
plastic waste; hydrogenolysis; lubricants; upcycling; circular economy
Categories
Funding
- Center for Plastics Innovation (CPI), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0021166]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences-NIGMS from the National Institutes of Health [5 P30 GM110758-02]
- NSF [1428149]
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Ruthenium deposited on titania is shown to be an active and selective catalyst in converting polypropylene into valuable lubricants. This method has the potential to promote plastic recycling and upcycling, contributing to environmental protection.
Plastic recycling and upcycling are required to combat the environmental crisis from landfilling consumer products. Chemocatalytic technologies are the most promising approach to achieve this. Here, we show that ruthenium deposited on titania is an active and selective catalyst in polypropylene breakdown into valuable lubricant-range hydrocarbons with narrow molecular weight distribution and a low methane formation at low temperatures of 250 degrees C with a modest H-2 pressure. Amorphous polypropylene and everyday bags and bottles were also effectively converted to lubricants with yields up to 80+%. Quantification of critical properties, including pour point, kinematic viscosity, and viscosity index, indicates that the products are promising alternatives to currently used base or synthetic oils. The reaction network involves the sequential conversion of polymer into the oil with a gradual decrease of molecular weight until similar to 700-800 g/mol and slow liquid gasification to methane and ethane. NMR, ATR-IR, GCMS, and isotopic labeling experiments expose the complexity of structure and reaction evolution whereby hydrogenolysis involves intermediate dehydrogenation with synchronous loss of polypropylene stereoregularity.
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