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A Structural Perspective of the Role of IP6 in Immature and Mature Retroviral Assembly

Journal

VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 13, Issue 9, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v13091853

Keywords

HIV; inositol hexakisphosphate; orthoretrovirus; Gag

Categories

Funding

  1. Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P31445]
  2. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease [R01AI147890, R01AI150454]
  3. Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P31445] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)

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IP6, a small cellular molecule, facilitates the assembly of HIV-1 and other retroviruses into virus-like particles in vitro, enhancing core stability during reverse transcription process.
The small cellular molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) has been known for similar to 20 years to promote the in vitro assembly of HIV-1 into immature virus-like particles. However, the molecular details underlying this effect have been determined only recently, with the identification of the IP6 binding site in the immature Gag lattice. IP6 also promotes formation of the mature capsid protein (CA) lattice via a second IP6 binding site, and enhances core stability, creating a favorable environment for reverse transcription. IP6 also enhances assembly of other retroviruses, from both the Lentivirus and the Alpharetrovirus genera. These findings suggest that IP6 may have a conserved function throughout the family Retroviridae. Here, we discuss the different steps in the viral life cycle that are influenced by IP6, and describe in detail how IP6 interacts with the immature and mature lattices of different retroviruses.

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