Long COVID in children and adolescents

Review Pediatrics

Case report and systematic review suggest that children may experience similar long-term effects to adults after clinical COVID-19

Jonas F. Ludvigsson

Summary: This study focuses on the persistent symptoms in five Swedish children post-COVID-19, indicating a lack of pediatric data on long COVID. Similarly to adults, children may also experience symptoms of long COVID with females potentially being more affected.

ACTA PAEDIATRICA (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

18F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in patients with long COVID

E. Guedj et al.

Summary: In long COVID patients, brain PET scans showed significant hypometabolism in areas including bilateral rectal/orbital gyrus, temporal lobe, brainstem, and cerebellum. These metabolic abnormalities were associated with more functional complaints such as hyposmia/anosmia, memory/cognitive impairment, pain, and insomnia. The study suggests a potential biomarker value in identifying and monitoring long COVID patients, with implications for the impact of ACE drugs and nasal decongestant spray on brain metabolism.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

Patient outcomes after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and implications for follow-up: results from a prospective UK cohort

David T. Arnold et al.

Summary: The study found that most COVID-19 patients still experienced persistent symptoms and limitations in physical ability during the recovery period, but clinically significant abnormalities in chest radiograph, exercise tests, blood tests, and spirometry were less frequent, especially in patients who did not require supplementary oxygen during their acute infection.

THORAX (2021)

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Article Immunology

Patients With Uncomplicated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Have Long-Term Persistent Symptoms and Functional Impairment Similar to Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Cautionary Tale During a Global Pandemic

Karen B. Jacobson et al.

Summary: The study assessed 118 individuals 3-4 months after their initial COVID-19 diagnosis and found significant persistent symptoms and functional impairment, even in non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

Post-COVID-19 Symptom Burden: What is Long-COVID and How Should We Manage It?

Dominic L. Sykes et al.

Summary: Recent studies have shown that COVID-19 patients may experience lasting symptoms, with females being more likely to report residual symptoms. The phenomenon of Long-COVID may not be solely attributed to the impact of SARS-CoV-2, indicating a potential role of biopsychosocial effects of COVID-19 in its etiology.

LUNG (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Attributes and predictors of long COVID

Carole H. Sudre et al.

Summary: Reports on long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms, known as 'long COVID', are increasing. Analysis of data from over 4,000 COVID-19 cases revealed that long COVID is more common in older individuals, those with higher body mass index, and females. Experiencing more than five symptoms in the first week of illness was associated with long COVID. A simple model showed promise in distinguishing between short and long COVID cases early in the disease.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Metabolic dysfunction and immunometabolism in COVID-19 pathophysiology and therapeutics

Rachael Batabyal et al.

Summary: Patients with underlying metabolic dysfunction, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, are at a higher risk for COVID-19 complications due to the deranged immune response and cellular energy deprivation, which can lead to multi-organ dysfunction. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting both immune and metabolic pathways, using repurposed drugs or newly developed molecules, show promising results for efficacious treatment of COVID-19 in patients with underlying metabolic conditions.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2021)

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Editorial Material Pediatrics

Persistent symptoms in Swedish children after hospitalisation due to COVID-19

Ellinor Sterky et al.

ACTA PAEDIATRICA (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

A clinical primer for the expected and potential post-COVID-19 syndromes

Brian Walitt et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to serious consequences for global health, causing excessive immune and coagulation responses, as well as organ damage in the respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. The unprecedented sociocultural impact of the pandemic may have long-term effects on neuroendocrine and immune functioning.

PAIN REPORTS (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

'Long-COVID': a cross-sectional study of persisting symptoms, biomarker and imaging abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19

Swapna Mandal et al.

Summary: Following discharge from hospital, a significant number of COVID-19 patients continue to experience persistent symptoms such as breathlessness, cough, fatigue, and depression. Some patients also show elevated levels of biomarkers indicating ongoing health issues. Chest radiographs reveal abnormalities in a considerable portion of patients, with a small percentage showing deterioration.

THORAX (2021)

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Editorial Material Pediatrics