4.8 Article

Sequencing versus continuous granular sludge reactor for the treatment of freshwater aquaculture effluents

Journal

WATER RESEARCH
Volume 201, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117293

Keywords

Freshwater aquaculture; Aerobic granular sludge; Sequencing batch reactor; Continuous flow reactor; Nutrient removal; Recirculation

Funding

  1. EU
  2. AEI (Agencia Estatal de Investigacion, Spain) [PCIN2017-047]
  3. FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) [JPI/0003/2016]
  4. CDTI (Centro para Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial, E.P.E., Spain)
  5. CBQF scientific collaboration under the FCT project [UIDB/50016/2020]
  6. FCT, Portugal [SFRH/BD/139924/2018]
  7. European Social Fund
  8. MCTES national funds
  9. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/139924/2018] Funding Source: FCT

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This study evaluated and compared two types of granular sludge reactors for treating freshwater aquaculture streams, finding that AGS-SBR achieved high ammonium removal efficiency at low hydraulic retention time, while CFGR had a higher removal rate. The AGS-SBR achieved almost 100% ammonium removal, discharging a better quality effluent, while the CFGR had a 6 times higher ammonium removal rate and is suitable for treating high flows.
Ammonium and nitrite levels in water are crucial for fish health preservation and growth maintenance in freshwater aquaculture farms, limiting water recirculation. The aim of the present work was the evaluation and comparison of two granular sludge reactors which were operated to treat freshwater aquaculture streams at laboratory-scale: an Aerobic Granular Sludge - Sequencing Batch Reactor (AGS-SBR) and a Continuous Flow Granular Reactor (CFGR). Both units were fed with a synthetic medium mimicking an aquaculture recycling water (1.9-2.9 mg N/L), with low carbon content, and operational temperature varied between 17 and 25 degrees C. The AGS-SBR, inoculated with mature granules from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant, achieved high carbon and ammonium removal during the 157 operational days. Even at low hydraulic retention time (HRT), varying from 474 to 237 min, ammonium removal efficiencies of approximately 87-100% were observed, with an ammonium removal rate of approximately 14.5 mg NH4+-N/(L center dot d). Partial biomass washout occurred due to the extremely low carbon and nitrogen concentrations in the feeding, which could only support the growth of a small portion of bacteria, but no major changes on the reactor removal performance were observed. The CFGR was inoculated with activated sludge and operated for 98 days. Biomass granulation occurred in 7 days, improving the settling properties due to a high up-flow velocity of 11 m/h and an applied HRT of 5 min. The reactor presented mature granules after 32 days, achieving an average diameter of 1.9 mm at day 63. The CFGR ammonium removal efficiencies were of approximately 10-20%, with ammonium removal rates of 90.0 mg NH4+N/(L center dot d). The main biological processes taking place in the AGS-SBR were nitrification and heterotrophic growth, while in the CFGR the ammonium removal occurred only by heterotrophic assimilation, with the reactor also presenting complete and partial denitrification, which caused nitrite production. Comparing both systems, the CFGR achieved 6 times higher ammonium removal rates than the AGS-SBR, being suitable for treating extremely high flows. On the other hand, the AGS-SBR removed almost 100% of ammonium content in the wastewater, discharging a better quality effluent, less toxic for the fish but treated lower flows.

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