Susceptibility reversed: modified plant susceptibility genes for resistance to bacteria

Plants have evolved complex defence mechanisms to avoid invasion of potential pathogens. Despite this, adapted pathogens deploy effector proteins to manipulate host susceptibility (S) genes, rendering plant defences ineffective. The identification and mutation of plant S genes exploited by bacterial pathogens are important for the generation of crops with durable and broad-spectrum resistance. Application of mutant S genes in the breeding of resistant crops is limited because of potential pleiotropy. New genome editing techniques open up new possibilities for the modification of S genes. In this review, we focus on S genes manipulated by bacteria and propose ways for their identification and precise modification. Finally, we propose that genes coding for transporter proteins represent a new group of S genes.

Automated summary

Plants have developed complex defense mechanisms to resist pathogens, but pathogens can use effector proteins to manipulate plant susceptibility genes, rendering defenses ineffective. Identification and mutation of plant susceptibility genes utilized by bacterial pathogens are crucial for breeding durable and broad-spectrum resistant crops. New genome editing technologies offer new possibilities for modifying susceptibility genes.