Journal
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
Volume 134, Issue 10, Pages 3225-3236Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03887-y
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31771790]
- Science and Technology Service Network Initiative by Chinese Academy of Sciences [KFJ-STS-QYZD-2021-22-001]
- Major Tibet Science and Technology Projects by Science and Technology Department of Tibet [XZ2021NA01]
- Science and Technology Support Project by Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province [2016NZ0103]
- Innovation Team of Triticeae Crops of Sichuan Province by Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
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This study genetically proved the decisive role of reduced vrs1 transcript abundance in the six-rowed spike of barley carrying vrs1.a4. Through genetic analyses and physical mapping, Vrs1 was identified as the likely candidate gene causing the six-rowed spike in vrs1.a4 carriers.
Key message Decisive role of reduced vrs1 transcript abundance in six-rowed spike of barley carrying vrs1.a4 was genetically proved and its potential causes were preliminarily analyzed. Six-rowed spike 1 (vrs1) is the major determinant of the six-rowed spike phenotype of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Alleles of Vrs1 have been extensively investigated. Allele vrs1.a4 in six-rowed barley is unique in that it has the same coding sequence as Vrs1.b4 in two-rowed barley. The determinant of row-type in vrs1.a4 carriers has not been experimentally identified. Here, we identified Vrs1.b4 in two-rowed accessions and vrs1.a4 in six-rowed accessions from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at high frequency. Genetic analyses revealed a single nuclear gene accounting for row-type alteration in these accessions. Physical mapping identified a 0.08-cM (similar to 554-kb) target interval on chromosome 2H, wherein Vrs1 was the most likely candidate gene. Further analysis of Vrs1 expression in offspring of the mapping populations or different Vrs1.b4 and vrs1.a4 lines confirmed that downregulated expression of vrs1.a4 causes six-rowed spike. Regulatory sequence analysis found a single 'TA' dinucleotide deletion in vrs1.a4 carriers within a 'TA' tandem-repeat-enriched region similar to 1 kb upstream of the coding region. DNA methylation levels did not correspond to the expression difference and therefore did not affect Vrs1 expression. More evidence is needed to verify the causal link between the 'TA' deletion and the downregulated Vrs1 expression and hence the six-rowed spike phenotype.
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