An overview of the synthetic routes to essential oral anti-diabetes drugs

Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global health concern, causing significant mortality and morbidity annually. Type-2 DM is the most prevalent and oral anti-diabetic drugs play a vital role in its management. There are several oral anti-diabetic drugs available in the market classified as sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT2), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-(IV) inhibitors and biguanides. As the type-2 DM burden continues to surge, the scientific community has been working extensively towards the development of better and more sustainable synthetic strategies towards these anti-diabetics to prevent a potential public emergency. This review summaries various reported synthetic strategies for anti-diabetic drugs in the aforementioned classes. We envisage that this compilation will serve as an invaluable comprehensive foundation and reference source for the organic and medicinal chemists in the further development of DM drugs. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This review summarizes various reported synthetic strategies for oral anti-diabetic drugs and serves as a reference for further development of diabetes medications. With the increasing burden of type-2 diabetes, the scientific community has been working towards developing better and more sustainable synthetic strategies for these drugs.