Hand-foot syndrome and risk factors for occurrence in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients

PurposeHand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a typical skin disorder caused by the use of cytotoxic anticancer drugs and molecular targets. Similarly, various anticancer drugs have been used as a conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and skin disorders such as HFS have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine retrospectively the frequency of HFS in recipients who have received a first allogeneic HSCT and the risk factors for HFS occurrence.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the medical records of recipients who received their first allogeneic HSCT and neutrophil engraftment at Shizuoka Cancer Center from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019.ResultsThe occurrence of HFS was confirmed in 78 cases (48.1%), and no grade 3 HFS was confirmed. The median occurrence of HFS was 8 (-3 to 19) days. In recipients with and without confirmed HFS, the median neutrophil engraftment day was 16.5 (10-33) and 15.0 (11-26) days, respectively (p=0.013). Multivariate analysis indicated that the frequency of HFS was statistically significantly higher in women (p=0.032), recipients administered busulfan (Bu) four times daily (p=0.011), and recipients previously treated with anthracycline (p=0.002).ConclusionAttention should be paid to HFS that occurs due to the conditioning regimen for HSCT in women, recipients who received 0.8 mg/kg of Bu four times a day, and recipients with a history of anthracycline administration, as HFS may affect the duration to neutrophil engraftment.

Automated summary

This study retrospectively investigated the frequency of hand-foot syndrome (HFS) in recipients who received their first allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and identified the risk factors for HFS occurrence. The results showed that HFS occurred in 48.1% of the cases, with a median occurrence of 8 days. Women, recipients administered busulfan four times daily, and recipients previously treated with anthracycline had a higher frequency of HFS.