Journal
GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 151, Issue 6, Pages 1087-1095Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.048
Keywords
Sterile Inflammation; Tissue Repair; Leukocyte Trafficking
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Alberta Innovates Health Solutions
- Canada Research Chairs program
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The sterile inflammatory response (inflammation in the absence of infection) to tissue injury and cell death is required for normal wound healing. However, dysregulated sterile inflammation leads to various acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, including those of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. It is therefore important to increase our understanding of the mechanisms that control physiological versus pathological sterile inflammation. We have begun to clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that coordinate the innate immune response to tissue damage and cell death in the liver. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms that alert the immune system to the presence of tissue damage and highlight recent advances in our understanding of innate immune cell trafficking to sites of hepatic sterile inflammation. We explore the functions of various innate immune cells in the coordination of tissue repair, including previously underappreciated roles of peritoneal macrophages and platelets. We propose that dysregulation of immune cell trafficking or function at sites of tissue injury contributes to the misdirection of sterile inflammation to promote chronic inflammatory disease.
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