Electrospun polyimide fiber membranes for separation of oil-in-water emulsions

The separation of emulsified oils from water represents a significant challenge for water reclamation and cleanup, because such droplets remain suspended for long periods of time. Membrane technology offers a solution to such separations, but its major drawback is the requirement for frequent cleaning to remove foulants, which reduces membrane lifetime and incurs additional economic and environmental costs. To address this shortcoming, we examine the separation performance of fibrous membranes of P84 polyimide, a copolymer known for its thermal stability and chemical resistance, fabricated by electrospinning technology. The P84 membranes were challenged by surfactant-stabilized emulsions of dodecane or motor oil in a constant pressure dead-end configuration. The P84 membranes exhibited moderate oil rejections between 85 and 90%, while subsequent foulant removal by heat treatment restored permeate fluxes to essentially 100% of their original values. A comparison of P84 membranes to other common membrane polymers with respect to robustness against fouling shows that the P84 membranes have some advantages, which we attribute to the oleophobic nature of the P84 membrane, as well as the ease of membrane regeneration. These results indicate that the electrospun P84 membrane is a promising candidate for microfiltration of water contaminated by emulsified oil.

Automated summary

The study investigated the separation performance of electrospun P84 polyimide fibrous membranes in emulsified oil removal, showing moderate oil rejections between 85% and 90%, with permeate flux restoration to nearly 100% after foulant removal by heat treatment. Compared to other common membrane polymers, P84 membranes demonstrated advantages in robustness against fouling and ease of regeneration.