4.6 Article

Conception of a Phantom in Agar-Agar Gel with the Same Bio-Impedance Properties as Human Quadriceps

Journal

SENSORS
Volume 21, Issue 15, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s21155195

Keywords

phantom; bioimpedance; agar-agar; NaCl; graphite; muscle

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The physiology of the patient can be personalized using serious games based on data reflected through various tests. Before testing with dry electrodes, preliminary tests on a phantom are necessary, adjusting concentrations of NaCl and graphite to obtain physiological values. The anisotropy of a muscle also needs to be considered for accurate results.
The physiology of the patient can be reflected by various data. Serious games, using an intelligent combination, could be based on this data to adjust to the specificities of the patient. Rehabilitation would therefore be personalized to the patient. This smart suit would use dry electrodes in order to be easily usable. Before performing dry electrode validation tests on a population, it is necessary to perform preliminary tests on a phantom. Agar-Agar (AA) gel, combined with NaCl and graphite which directly impact the resistivity and reactance values of the phantom, are generally used. Depending on the part of the body simulated by the phantom, it is necessary to adapt the concentrations of NaCl and graphite in order to obtain values of physiological reactance and resistance. The anisotropy of a muscle must also be considered. Different concentrations of NaCl and graphite have been tested in order to present charts linking the concentrations to the resistance and reactance values of the AA phantom. Electrical properties similar to those of human quadriceps are achieved at a concentration of 7 g/L of NaCl and 60 g/L of graphite. These values can be used as a conversion table to develop an AA phantom with electrical properties similar to different muscles. Furthermore, an AA phantom has an anisotropy of 0 degrees and 90 degrees. This anisotropy corresponds to a human quadriceps, where 0 degrees is the direction of the muscle fiber. This will allow us to study and characterize the behavior of the electrodes on an anisotropic model. Thus it can be used as a first test phase for dry electrodes in order to propose the most suitable conditions for a connected garment application.

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