Monitoring of land surface subsidence using persistent scatterer interferometry techniques and ground truth data in arid and semi-arid regions, the case of Remah, UAE

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is located in an arid desert climate with very limited water resources and scarce rainfall. Along with the fast development of the country, the water demand for agriculture, industrial, and domes-tic purposes increased and led to diminishing groundwater resources. In this study, we explore the land surface deformations due to groundwater overexploitation in the agricultural area of Remah by analyzing Sentinel-1 data between 2015 and 2019 with the novel Parallelized-Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (P-PSI) technique. The detected land surface deformations have been correlated to the recorded groundwater levels at nearby water wells. This study detected land surface deformations in a form of an extensive subsidence bowl (with 28.5 km in diameter) with a maximum subsidence rate of 40 mm/year anda standard deviation within the bowl of less than 2 mm/year. The detected subsidence was associated with a 12 m drop in the water table level within the study area. The Persistent Scatterers with the highest deformations rate were spatially correlated with the de-pression cone of the groundwater level. These findings provide useful insights in understanding the groundwater regime of the area and have an important role in assessing regional hazards and driving mitigation measures to-wards managing uncontrolled groundwater overexploitation for sustainable management of groundwater resources. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Automated summary

This study utilized the P-PSI technique to analyze land surface deformations in the agricultural area of Remah in UAE caused by groundwater overexploitation. The findings include a large subsidence bowl correlated with a drop in water table level, providing valuable insights for groundwater management.