Ultrasound-induced biophysical effects in controlled drug delivery

Ultrasound is widely used in biomedical engineering and has applications in conventional diagnosis and drug delivery. Recent advances in ultrasound-induced drug delivery have been summarized previously in several reviews that have primarily focused on the fabrication of drug delivery carriers. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying ultrasound-induced drug delivery and factors affecting delivery efficiency, including the characteristics of drug delivery carriers and ultrasound parameters. Firstly, biophysical effects induced by ultrasound, namely thermal effects, cavitation effects, and acoustic radiation forces, are illustrated. Secondly, the use of these biophysical effects to enhance drug delivery by affecting drug carriers and corresponding tissues is clarified in detail. Thirdly, recent advances in ultrasound-triggered drug delivery are detailed. Safety issues and optimization strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce side effects are summarized. Finally, current progress and future directions are discussed.

Automated summary

This review comprehensively discusses the mechanisms and factors influencing ultrasound-induced drug delivery, highlighting the biophysical effects of ultrasound and their applications in enhancing drug delivery efficiency. The review also covers recent advances in ultrasound-triggered drug delivery, safety issues, optimization strategies, current progress, and future directions in the field.