Journal
SCIENCE CHINA-CHEMISTRY
Volume 64, Issue 9, Pages 1460-1481Publisher
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1015-9
Keywords
nucleation; molecular assembly; molecular conformation; polymorphism; solution chemistry
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21978201]
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This review discusses the theories of nucleation from solution, summarizes the molecular process of nucleation, and explores the relationship between molecular conformation in solution and crystal as well as the impact of solute molecular flexibility on nucleation.
Nucleation from solution is fundamental to many natural and industrial processes. The understanding of molecular mechanism of nucleation from solution is conducive to predict crystal structure, control polymorph and design desired crystal materials. In this review, the nucleation theories, including classical nucleation theory (CNT), nonclassical nucleation theory, as well as other new proposed theories, were reprised, and the molecular mechanism of these theories was compared. Then, the molecular process of nucleation, including the current study techniques, the effect of molecular self-assembly in solutions, desolvation process, as well as the properties of solvent and crystal structure on nucleation from solution were summarized. Furthermore, the relationship of molecular conformation in solution and in crystal, and the effect of solute molecular flexibility on nucleation were discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future scopes of crystal nucleation from solution were discussed.
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