Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 374, Issue 6564, Pages 171-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.abh1823
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Funding
- Federal Ministery of Health
- German Research Foundation [KFO339, SFB-TR84]
- European Union [GA101003589]
- German Ministry of Research [01KI1723A, 301-4-7-01.703, 82DZL0098B1, 01KI2021, FKZ: 01KX2021]
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The study demonstrates that preexisting spike-cross-reactive T cells play a functional role in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Cross-reactive immunity may explain the rapid induction of immunity after primary SARS-CoV-2 immunization and the high rate of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 cases.
The functional relevance of preexisting cross-immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a subject of intense debate. Here, we show that human endemic coronavirus (HCoV)-reactive and SARS-CoV-2-cross-reactive CD4(+) T cells are ubiquitous but decrease with age. We identified a universal immunodominant coronavirus-specific spike peptide (S816-830) and demonstrate that preexisting spike- and S816-830-reactive T cells were recruited into immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and their frequency correlated with anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-IgG antibodies. Spike-cross-reactive T cells were also activated after primary BNT162b2 COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccination and displayed kinetics similar to those of secondary immune responses. Our results highlight the functional contribution of preexisting spike-cross-reactive T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Cross-reactive immunity may account for the unexpectedly rapid induction of immunity after primary SARS-CoV-2 immunization and the high rate of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease courses.
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