Journal
RARE METALS
Volume 41, Issue 2, Pages 482-498Publisher
NONFERROUS METALS SOC CHINA
DOI: 10.1007/s12598-021-01802-4
Keywords
Nanocarriers; Stimuli responsive; Bactericidal; Biofilm eradication; Drug release
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51873212, 51803212]
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy Science [2017269]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2019MEM008]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wego Group Hightech Research & Development Program
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Bacterial biofilm infections pose a long-standing threat to human life and health, with traditional antibiotic therapies proving ineffective in eradicating them. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers have gained attention for their smart drug release properties, with various stimuli such as enzymes, pH levels, and external triggers proving beneficial for biofilm treatment.
Bacterial biofilm infections have been threatening the human's life and health globally for a long time because they typically cause chronic and persistent infections. Traditional antibiotic therapies can hardly eradicate biofilms in many cases, as biofilms always form a robust fortress for pathogens inside, inhibiting the penetration of drugs. To address the issues, many novel drug carriers emerged as promising strategies for biofilm treatment. Among them, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers have attracted much attentions for their intriguing physicochemical properties, such as tunable size, shape and surface chemistry, especially smart drug release characteristic. Based on the microenvironmental difference between biofilm infection sites and normal tissue, many stimuli, such as bacterial products accumulating in biofilms (enzymes, glutathione, etc.), lower pH and higher H2O2 levels, have been employed and proved in favor of ``on-demand'' drug release for biofilm elimination. Additionally, external stimuli including light, heat, microwave and magnetic fields are also able to control the drug releasing behavior artificially. In this review, we summarized recent advances in stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for combating biofilm infections, and mainly, focusing on the different stimuli that trigger the drug release.
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