Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 118, Issue 22, Pages -Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104092118
Keywords
liquid crystal; ferroelectric; alignment; surface; nematic
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Funding
- NSF Condensed Matter Physics Grants [DMR 1710711, DMR 2005170]
- NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) [DMR 1420736]
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Surface interactions can structurally influence the polarization field of a ferroelectric fluid, allowing for the formation of high polarization states without the need for electric field poling. Different treatments can induce various polarization structures at the surface and within the cell, leading to a range of distinct modes of ferroelectric nematic electro-optic responses.
We show that surface interactions can vectorially structure the three-dimensional polarization field of a ferroelectric fluid. The contact between a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal and a surface with in-plane polarity generates a preferred in-plane orientation of the polarization field at that interface. This is a route to the formation of fluid or glassy monodomains of high polarization without the need for electric field poling. For example, unidirectional buffing of polyimide films on planar surfaces to give quadrupolar in-plane anisotropy also induces macroscopic in-plane polar order at the surfaces, enabling the formation of a variety of azimuthal polar director structures in the cell interior, including uniform and twisted states. In a p-twist cell, obtained with antiparallel, unidirectional buffing on opposing surfaces, we demonstrate three distinct modes of ferroelectric nematic electro-optic response: intrinsic, viscosity-limited, field-induced molecular reorientation; field-induced motion of domain walls separating twisted states of opposite chirality; and propagation of polarization reorientation solitons fromthe cell plates to the cell center upon field reversal. Chirally doped ferroelectric nematics in antiparallelrubbed cells produce Grandjean textures of helical twist that can be unwound via field-induced polar surface reorientation transitions. Fields required are in the 3-V/mm range, indicating an in-plane polar anchoring energy of w(P) similar to 3 x 10(-3) J/m(2).
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