Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 118, Issue 25, Pages -Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023647118
Keywords
TAK1; ROS; mitochondria; intracellular bacteria
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment [P30ES025128]
- NIH [R01GM112986, F31GM135975, T32 ES007046]
- US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Award [2018-07464, 12687985]
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Inhibition of TAK1 induces the production of ROS, which effectively destroys intracellular bacteria. This mechanism initiates a host defense response by recognizing the impairment of TAK1 by pathogens.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (MAP3K7), known as TAK1, is an intracellular signaling intermediate of inflammatory responses. However, a series of mouse Tak7 gene deletion analyses have revealed that ablation of TAK1 does not prevent but rather elicits inflammation, which is accompanied by elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This has been considered a consequence of impaired TAK1-dependent maintenance of tissue integrity. Contrary to this view, here we propose that TAK1 inhibition-induced ROS are an active cellular process that targets intracellular bacteria. Intracellular bacterial effector proteins such as Yersinia's outer membrane protein YopJ are known to inhibit TAK1 to circumvent the inflammatory host responses. We found that such TAK1 inhibition induces mitochondrial-derived ROS, which effectively destroys intracellular bacteria. Two cell death-signaling molecules, caspase 8 and RIPK3, cooperatively participate in TAK1 inhibition-induced ROS and blockade of intracellular bacterial growth. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized host defense mechanism, which is initiated by host recognition of pathogen-induced impairment in a host protein, TAK1, but not directly of pathogens.
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