4.3 Article

Capsule-free hot isostatic pressing of sintered steel to full density using water atomised iron and Cr-alloyed powder consolidated by cold isostatic pressing

Journal

POWDER METALLURGY
Volume 65, Issue 2, Pages 133-140

Publisher

TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.1966876

Keywords

PM steel; cold isostatic pressing; sintering; capsule-free hot isostatic pressing; full density

Funding

  1. VINNOVA (SE) [2013-03299]
  2. Vinnova [2018-02371, 2017-02531]

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This study utilized cold isostatic pressing to consolidate water-atomised iron and Cr-alloyed steel powder, reaching high densities before sintering, and further increasing densification post-sintering with the addition of graphite, paving the way for manufacturing large-sized PM components.
Powder metallurgy (PM) steel with enhanced density is essential for meeting the demands on high strength and high-performance applications. In this study, cold isostatic pressing (CIP) is applied for consolidating water-atomised iron and Cr-alloyed steel powder to reach about 95% densification before sintering. Additionally, the effect of the lubricant and graphite addition on the compressibility of the different base powder types was evaluated. The maximum green densities of approximate to 7.55 g cm(-3) for iron powder and approximate to 7.45 g cm(-3) for Cr-alloyed powder were reached after CIP at 800 MPa. The sintering at 1250 degrees C with added graphite allowed to achieve increased densification to approximate to 7.60 g cm(-3) for the iron and approximate to 7.50 g cm(-3) for Cr-alloyed grades, respectively. These levels were sufficient for surface pore closure, which allowed the application of the capsule-free hot isostatic pressing (HIP) after sintering to reach full density. This approach paves the way for manufacturing large-sized PM components.

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