Iridoid glycosides of the tribe Antirrhineae

The tribe Antirrhineae of Plantaginaceae family is well known for various garden ornamentals (Antirrhinum L., Linaria Mill., Cymbalaria Hill.), numerous medicinal plants (Anarrhinum orientale Benth., Nanorrhinum ramosissimum (Wall.) Betsche, Linaria japonica Miq. etc.), besides, the Linaria genus is famous for the fact that it contains naturally-transgenic plants. Medicinal properties are caused by the presence of a certain spectrum of specialized metabolites. A major role among them in tribe Antirrhineae is played by iridoid glycosides, in particular antirrhinoside, antirrhide, linarioside and 6-O-acetylantirrinoside. This review summarizes the literature data on biosynthesis, methods of analysis, the diversity and distribution of these compounds in the representatives of the tribe, that makes it possible to use the obtained data for chemotaxonomy and pharmacology, and also indicates gaps in our knowledge regarding the biochemistry of such taxonomic groups as Anarrhinum, Maurandya, Gambelia, Chaenorhinum, Antirrhinum and Linaria. The general picture of the state of research indicates directions for future work. Despite the different degrees of study of the tribe representatives, we can conclude the presence of antirrhinoside as a marker of this group of plants.

Automated summary

The Antirrhineae tribe of Plantaginaceae family is well known for its various garden ornamentals and medicinal plants. The Linaria genus is famous for containing naturally-transgenic plants, and iridoid glycosides such as antirrhinoside play a major role in the tribe. Despite differences in research level among the tribe representatives, antirrhinoside presence serves as a marker for this group of plants.