Melting of Tantalum at Multimegabar Pressures on the Nanosecond Timescale

Tantalum was once thought to be the canonical bcc metal, but is now predicted to transition to the Pnma phase at the high pressures and temperatures expected along the principal Hugoniot. Furthermore, there remains a significant discrepancy between a number of static diamond anvil cell experiments and gas gun experiments in the measured melt temperatures at high pressures. Our in situ x-ray diffraction experiments on shock compressed tantalum show that it does not transition to the Pnma phase or other candidate phases at high pressure. We observe incipient melting at approximately 254 +/- 15 GPa and complete melting by 317 +/- 10 GPa. These transition pressures from the nanosecond experiments presented here are consistent with what can be inferred from microsecond gas gun sound velocity measurements. Furthermore, the observation of a coexistence region on the Hugoniot implies the lack of significant kinetically controlled deviation from equilibrium behavior. Consequently, we find that kinetics of phase transitions cannot be used to explain the discrepancy between static and dynamic measurements of the tantalum melt curve. Using available high pressure thermodynamic data for tantalum and our measurements of the incipient and complete melting transition pressures, we are able to infer a melting temperature 8070(-750)(+1250) K at 254 +/- 15 GPa, which is consistent with ambient and a recent static high pressure melt curve measurement.

Automated summary

Tantalum, once considered a bcc metal, is now predicted to transition to the Pnma phase at high pressures. In in situ x-ray diffraction experiments, tantalum did not transition to the Pnma phase at high pressures but showed incipient melting at approximately 254 GPa and complete melting at 317 GPa. These results are consistent with findings from gas gun experiments, suggesting a melting temperature of 8070 K at 254 GPa.