Coherent Soliton States Hidden in Phase Space and Stabilized by Gravitational Incoherent Structures

We consider the problem of the formation of soliton states from a modulationally unstable initial condition in the framework of the Schrodinger-Poisson (or Newton-Schrodinger) equation accounting for gravitational interactions. We unveil a previously unrecognized regime: By increasing the nonlinearity, the system self-organizes into an incoherent localized structure that contains hidden coherent soliton states. The solitons are hidden in the sense that they arc fully immersed in random wave fluctuations: The radius of the soliton is much larger than the correlation radius of the incoherent fluctuations, while its peak amplitude is of the same order of such fluctuations. Accordingly, the solitons can hardly be identified in the usual spatial or spectral domains, while their existence is clearly unveiled in the phase-space representation. Our multiscale theory based on coupled coherent-incoherent wave turbulence formalisms reveals that the hidden solitons are stabilized and trapped by the incoherent localized structure. Furthermore, hidden binary soliton systems are identified numerically and described theoretically. The regime of hidden solitons is of potential interest for self-gravitating Boson models of fuzzy dark matter. It also sheds new light on the quantum-to-classical correspondence with gravitational interactions. The hidden solitons can be observed in nonlocal nonlinear optics experiments through the measurement of the spatial spectrogram.

Automated summary

By increasing the nonlinearity, a system self-organizes into an incoherent localized structure containing hidden coherent soliton states, which are fully immersed in random wave fluctuations and can hardly be identified in usual spatial or spectral domains but clearly unveiled in phase-space representation. The hidden solitons are stabilized and trapped by the incoherent localized structure, and can be observed in nonlocal nonlinear optics experiments through the measurement of the spatial spectrogram. This regime sheds new light on the quantum-to-classical correspondence with gravitational interactions.