High-light modification of excitation-energy-relaxation processes in the green flagellate Euglena gracilis

Photosynthetic organisms finely tune their photosynthetic machinery including pigment compositions and antenna systems to adapt to various light environments. However, it is poorly understood how the photosynthetic machinery in the green flagellate Euglena gracilis is modified under high-light conditions. In this study, we examined high-light modification of excitation-energy-relaxation processes in Euglena cells. Oxygen-evolving activity in the cells incubated at 300 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1) (HL cells) cannot be detected, reflecting severe photodamage to photosystem II (PSII) in vivo. Pigment compositions in the HL cells showed relative increases in 9 '-cis-neoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, and chlorophyll b compared with the cells incubated at 30 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1) (LL cells). Absolute fluorescence spectra at 77 K exhibit smaller intensities of the PSII and photosystem I (PSI) fluorescence in the HL cells than in the LL cells. Absolute fluorescence decay-associated spectra at 77 K of the HL cells indicate suppression of excitation-energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) to both PSI and PSII with the time constant of 40 ps. Rapid energy quenching in LHCs and PSII in the HL cells is distinctly observed by averaged Chl-fluorescence lifetimes. These findings suggest that Euglena modifies excitation-energy-relaxation processes in addition to pigment compositions to deal with excess energy. These results provide insights into the photoprotection strategies of this alga under high-light conditions.

Automated summary

Photosynthetic organisms, such as the green flagellate Euglena gracilis, adjust their pigment compositions and energy transfer processes to deal with excess energy under high-light conditions. The study found that in Euglena cells exposed to high-light, there was suppression of excitation-energy transfer and rapid energy quenching, indicating modification of excitation-energy-relaxation processes in addition to pigment compositions for photoprotection strategies.