4.7 Article

Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of vanillin on gray mold and black rot of cherry tomatoes

Journal

PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 175, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104859

Keywords

Vanillin; Antifungal activity; Cherry tomato; Botrytis cinerea; Alternaria alternata

Funding

  1. Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2572019AA03]
  2. Central financial Fund for Forestry Science and Technology promotion [[2019] HZT02]

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The study showed that vanillin has a significant inhibitory effect on postharvest gray mold and black rot in cherry tomato fruit by increasing membrane permeability, damaging membrane structure, and inhibiting pathogenic enzyme activities of the pathogens.
Vanillin is a natural antimicrobial agent; however, there are few reports on its antifungal effect on postharvest pathogenic fungi. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro antifungal activities of vanillin against gray mold (caused by B. cinerea) and black rot (caused by A. alternata) of cherry tomato fruit and to explain its possible mechanism of action. Vanillin strongly inhibits Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata mycelial growth, spore germination, and germ tube elongation in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). In vivo experiments showed that 4000 mg L-1 vanillin treatment inhibited cherry tomato gray mold and black rot occurrence. Besides, intercellular electrolytes, soluble proteins, and soluble sugars leakage indicated that 50 or 100 mg L-1 vanillin treatment increased Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata membrane permeability. The increase of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents confirmed that 50 or 100 mg L-1 vanillin treatment damages the pathogen membranes. Importantly, vanillin treatment inhibited the pathogenicity-related enzyme activities of the two pathogens to reduce their infection ability, among them PL enzyme activity in A. alternata was most inhibited, reducing by 94.7 % at 6 h treated with 100 mg L-1 vanillin. The hyphae morphology of the two pathogens changed, the mycelia were severely damaged, and the hyphae surface was deformed, shrunk, or even broken after 100 mg L-1 vanillin treatment. In summary, vanillin had a substantial inhibitory effect on postharvest gray mold and black rot in cherry tomato fruit. Therefore, vanillin can be an effective alternative to prevent and control cherry tomato postharvest diseases

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