From Bulk to Nanoparticles: An Overview of Antiviral Materials, Its Mechanisms, and Applications

Infectious diseases caused by viruses are a global health concern and have become prominent in light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the limitations of drugs and prophylactic methods used in current medicine, antiviral materials are a useful strategy in preventing the spread of viruses and enhancing treatment efficiency. Thus, this review highlights the state-of-the-art antiviral materials, describes the scientific landscape of the primary antiviral materials used based on bibliometric analysis, presents their mechanisms of action, and discusses their clinical applications. The mechanisms of action underlying the broad-spectrum antiviral properties of metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites are also discussed. Polyanions, polycations, oxides, and metal-based materials, from bulk to nanoparticles, have good potential in antiviral applications that may help prepare the world for future viral breakouts.

Automated summary

This review emphasizes the importance of antiviral materials in preventing the spread of viruses and enhancing treatment efficiency. It discusses the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of these materials, as well as the potential of metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites in future viral outbreaks preparation.