Journal
PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 43, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/pim.12880
Keywords
bone marrow; cytokines; parasitic load; Visceral leishmaniasis
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Funding
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brazil
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The study reveals significant differences in cytokine levels and bone marrow samples between VL patients with varying degrees of severity, with IFN-gamma and IL-10 potentially playing key roles in influencing parasitic load.
Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious public health problem. The factors that can determine whether VL develops and progresses to severe form have not been fully identified, but a specific cellular immune response appears to play a key role. Therefore, understanding immunopathogenesis can be useful in preventing a serious clinical outcome. Materials and Methods Bone marrow samples were collected from patients with severe VL (SVL) or non-severe VL (NSVL). Cytokine levels and parasitic load were analysed by RT-qPCR. There is a statistically significant difference in the leukocyte parameter in patients with SVL and NSVL compared with the control patients (p = .006 and p = .014, respectively). Results Urea, alanine transaminase and albumin parameters had a significant difference p = .036, p = .039 and p = .017, respectively, between SVL and NSVL. Although high levels of IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were present in all groups of individuals with VL, they were not statistically associated with severity. In patients with active VL, IFN-gamma and IL-10 were associated, respectively, with a reduction and increase in the parasite load, strong and significant positive association between IFN-gamma and IL-10 (rho = .627 and p = .003). Conclusion This study demonstrates that VL stimulates an non-dichotomized inflammatory response between Th1/Th2 and that bone marrow is an important tissue for immune regulation.
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